Machine for weaving loops into the fabric during the formation thereof



April 3, 1951 I B. KAHN 2,547,324

MACHINE FOR WEAVING LOOPS INTO THE FABRIC DURING THE FORMATION THEREOF Filed Oct. 26, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Q I "0 no ix 7 x t INVENTOR.

I BENJAMIN KAHN BY A TTORNE Y Apr]! 3, 1951 KAHN 2,547,824

MACHINE FOR WEAVING LOOPS INTO THE FABRIC DURING THE FORMATION THEREOF Filed Oct. 26, 1949 7 Sheets-6119a; 2

INVENTOR. BENJAMIN KAHN A TTORNE Y April 3, 1951 B. KAHN MACHINE FOR WEAVING LOOPS INTO THE FABRIC DURING THE FORMATION THEREOF 7' Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Oct. 26, 1949 Jlc Wnuummu unmmmum Illllllllllllllll Illlllllllllllllll CE- D llllllllllllllIllIHIIIIIHIIIIIIIHIHHIHHIHIIlll INVENTOR. BENJAMIN HAHN FIG. 3

April 3, 1951 B. KAHN 2,547,824

MACHINE FOR WEAVING LOOPS INTO THE FABRIC DURING THE FORMATION THEREOF 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed 001.. 26, 1949 INVENTOR.

BENJA Mm KAHN ATTORNEY April 3, 1951 B. KAHN MACHINE FOR WEAVING LOOPS INTO THE FABRIC DURING THE FORMATION THEREOF Filed Oct. 26, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 JKMIMEFFW III 7 INVENTOR.

BENJAMIN HAHN ATTORNEY Apnl 3, 1951 B. KAHN 2,547,824

MACHINE FOR WEAVING LOOPS INTO THE FABRIC DURING THE FORMATION THEREOF Filed Oct. 26, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet 6 INVENTOR. BENJAMIN KAHN A TTORNE Y Aprll 3, 1951 K 2,547,824 MACHINEFOR WEAVING LOOPS INTO THE FABRIC DURING THE FORMATION THEREOF Filed Oct. 26, 1949 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 FIG. .9

a v l H o |l| H In INVENTOR. BENJAMIN KAI-IN A TTORNEY Patented Apr. 3, 1951 UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE MACHINE FOR WEAVING LOOPS INTO THE FABRIC DURING THE FORMA- TION THEREOF 16 Claims.

The present invention relates to a machine for making terry or cut pile fabrics and, more particularly, to a machine of the character described in my co-pending application Ser. No. 104,705, filed July 14, 1949, of which the present applica-.- tion is a continuation-in-part.

Various machines have been proposed heretofore for weaving a pile warp into a fabric and drawing this warp at intervals into loops, the latter to be subsequently cut or left uncut as desired. None of these machines, however, has ever been used to any great extent as far as I am aware; the reason for this probably lies in the fact that prior mechanisms were cumbersome, difiicult to'install and not dependable in operation, and that their use generally would slow down the operation of the machine or loom to which they were applied, inasmuch as it became necessary to let the shuttle run empty or miss a pick whenever loops were to be formed, or to stop the machine altogether while the hooks were brought into the desired position.

The chief object of the present invention is to provide a machine for the purpose described in which the above inconveniences are avoided.

Heretofore, it was generally thought necessary to let the hook-carrying elements execute a complex movement in different planes in order to cause the hooks securely to engage the pile warp, such a, movement, of course, necessitating a considerable amount of time and requiring, therefore, the aforementioned slowdown in the operation of the machine. A more particular object of the invention is, accordingly, to provide loop forming mechanism comprising a set of hooks which follow a simple reciprocatory motion in a single plane. In my copending application, Serial Number 123,544, filed October 26, 1949, I disclose a similar machine in which simple means are provided for imparting a desired movement to the hooks at right angles to the general plane of reciprocation.

Another object of this invention is to provide a machine of the character set forth in which the number of loops in a row, the spacing of the rows and the length of the loops may be independently varied by simple adjustments.

A further object of my invention is to provide means attachable to a conventional loom for con verting same into a machine of the character set forth above.

A feature of the invention resides in the provision of a carriage for the hooks which, during selected cycles of operation, follows the movement of the batten or lay whereby the hooks are brought into engagement with the pile warp and are withdrawn immediately thereafter to form the loops, the carriage being conditioned or released for this movement just before the start of the cycle and being automatically immobilized at the end thereof, so that maximum time is available for performing the looping operation and any slowing down or stopping of the machine becomes unnecessary.

According to another feature, slack is imparted to the pile warp simultaneously with the return or drawing movement of the carriage, this slack being conveniently adjustable to correspond to the amount of pile warp consumed by the loops, so that tension in the pile warp remains substantially constant and no tension compensating means need be provided.

The above and other objects and features of the instant invention will become apparent from the following description of certain embodiments, references being had to the accompanying drawing in which:

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a machine according to the invention;

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the machine shown in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 is a front elevation, on a larger scale, of the pile warp feeding or slack-imparting mechanism of the machine;

Fig. 5 is a side view taken on the line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a perspective rear view of a portion of the machine;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view, on a larger scale, of a portion of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2 at a different stage of operation;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary top plan view of the carriage supporting the hooks;

Fig. 9 is a View similar to Figs. 2 and 7, showing a modified form of loom to which the invention is applied;

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary section taken on line |0I9 of Fig. 9, with certain parts omitted for clarity; and

Fig. 11 is a diagram showing various phases of operation of a machine according to the invention in timed relationship.

Referring for the present to Figs. 1-3, there is shown a machine 20 comprising a frame 2| whereon are supported the various elements of a conventional horizontal loom of the Northrop type, including the warp beam 22, the take-up roll 23, guide rollers 24, 25, 26, the lay 2T pivoted at 28, a set of dobbies 29 co-operating with harness levers 30 for selectively operating various harnesses such as shown at M11, 311), Me, these harnesses being controlled through wire 33a, 33b, 33c passing over rollers 34a, 34b, 34c and a motor 35 which actuates all of these elements in a manner not further described because well known per se. Weft threads, supplied from spools 36 mounted on a reel 31', form fillings H0 in the shed which in turn is formed by two sets of 3 warp threads 90a (the upper in Fig. 2) and 991) (the lower in Fig. 2), these warp threads passing from the beam 22 over guide rollers 24, 25 around rails 89, through the heddles of harnesses 3Ic., 3lb, respectively, through the reed of the lay 21 and, after having been turned into a. fabric 38,. around deflection roller III, guide roller 26 and deflection roller I I2 to the take-up roll 23.

Referring now, in addition, to. Figs 7 and 8, there are secured to the frame 2I adjacent the ends of its breast beam 40 a pair of slide boxes or guides 4I, I4I within which move the slides 43, I43, respectively. The front end of slide 43 carries a T-shaped bracket 45 to the two horizontal arms of which are attached the ends of a pair of contracting springs 45, 41 having their other ends anchored to pins 48, 49 projecting from the box 4!; similar springs I49, I4'l are secured to an ancho plate I45, carried by the front end of slide I43, and to pins I48, I49 projecting from the box NH. The tendency of spring 46, 47, I46, I4? is to displace or bias the slides re-arwardly from the position shown in the drawing.

Since the two slides are identical, only one of them (the left-hand slide 43, as viewed in Figs. 1 and 3) will be describedin detail. The slide is provided at the underside of its rearward extremity with a set of sawteeth 50 co-operating with a dog til, the latter bein pivoted to the box 4| at 52. A vertical rod 54, slidably guided in a sleeve 53 which is secured to the frame 2|, is aligned with the rear extremity of dog and has its lower end pivoted to a lever 55 rotatably held in the frame 2I by a stud 56. A spring 51,

anchored to the frame 2| at 32, tends to maintain The rod 54 and its companion rod I54, associated with the right-hand slide I43, are adapted to be periodically depressed against the action of springs 51', I5! by means of cams 6|, 61 mounted on a common shaft 80, these cams respectively co-operating with levers 55, I55. Motion is imparted to the shaft 68 by means of a cylinder or pulley 64 secured to the shaft by a set screw 65 and having the end of a wire 66 wrapped around it, this wire being anchored to the screw 65. The wire passes around a guide roller 61 as well as a guide roller 58 and is fixed to a special harness lever I30 operated by the dobbies 29. A torsion spring 59, wrapped around the shaft 50 and secured to it at 62, is anchored to the frame 2| at 63 and tends to restore the cams 6|, I6I to the position illustrated in Fig. 2 after they have been displaced therefrom by the action of wire 65 to assume the position shown in Fig. '7.

Bridged across the rear ends of the two slides 43, I43 are a pair of parallel beams 68, 69 which together with these slides form a reciprocable carriage generally indicated at I5. The inner or rear one of these two beams, beam 69, carries a hook bar as best seen in Fig. 8. Each slide further carries at its rear end 3, lug II, IlI, respectively, these lugs forming an abutment for a pair of plates I2, I12 mounted on the forward face of the lay adjacent the two ends of the reed thereof. The positions of these lugs on their slides are adjustable by means of screws I3 passing through slots I4.

Turnin now to Figs. 4, 5 and 6, there are shown at the rear end of the machine 20 a pair of uprights BI, IBI forming an extension of the frame 2I. These uprights support a feed roller 83', a co-operating presser roller 84, a guide plate 85' and a deflecting roller 86, as well as a pair of brackets 82, I82 in which there are journaled two further rollers I6, 'I'I. Guide plate 85 is provided with apertures through which pass respective threads c, representing the pile warp from which the loops are to be formed. The threads 900, which may be somewhat heavier than the ground warp 90a, 90b and which are supplied by separate spools or the like, not shown, enter between the feed roller and the presser roller 84, thence pass around roller I6 and I7 which cause them to travel along a short horizontal run on which they traverse the eyes of individual riders l8 straddling a blade 19, and after passing around roller 86 and guide rails 89, enter the heddles of harness 3Ic. These threads, therefore, form part of the shed 90 previously referred to. The riders l8 and the blade 19, extending across the brackets 82, I82, form part of a stopmotion arrangement for the pile warp, contact between the blade and one of the riders 18, upon breaking of the corresponding thread 900, causing stopping of the motor 35 in a manner well known per Se.

Mounted on the shaft 9| of feed roller 83 is a gear 92 which meshes with another gear 93 mounted on a stud shaft 94. A plate 95, loosely pivoted 0n the stud shaft 94, carries a pawl 96 which is pivoted to the plate at 91, Pawl 96 cooperates with a ratchet 9B, fixed to the stud shaft 94 so as to be rigid with gear 93, and is held in contact with the teeth of the ratchet by means of a spring 99 anchored to the plate 95. The end of roller 83 opposite gear 92 is embraced by the jaws of a brake member 80 which is pivoted to the frame 2| at 38 and frictionally engages the roller 83 to prevent overrunning and maintain the threads 9510 at a certain tension.

Adjustably secured to the plate 95, by means of a bolt IOI entering a slot I02, is a bent rod I00 having its other extremity fixed by a nut I03 to the center arm of the T-shaped bracket 45. As best seen in Fig. 5, forward displacement of the slide 43 (which results in a leftward movement of the rod I 08 as viewed in that figure) will swing the plate 95 clockwise around the stud shaft 94, thereby impartin a similar movement to the ratchet 98 and the gear 93, this in turn resulting in a counterclockwise rotation of gear 92 corresponding to a clockwise movement of roller 83 as viewed in Figs. 2 and 6.

The hook bar '70 carries a set of hooks I05 each having, a shank I06 provided with a pair of holes through which pass the mounting, bolts l0! whereby the hooks I05 are secured to the bar I0; each hook also has a bill I08, lying in the plane of the shank I 06, and a fin-shaped part I09 extending perpendicular to that plane. The general direction of these hooks coincides with the direction of reciprocation of the carriage I5, and bill portion I08 is aligned with a respective thread 990 in such a manner that the outer end of the bill will cam the thread aside, causing it to enter the recess I04 behind the bill when the latter is moved past the thread in the manner more fully described hereinafter. Upon the withdrawal (forward movement) of the hooks these bills will draw the threads into loops which latter, upon a subsequent advance of the fabric, slide off the hooks during the next operating (rearward) movement of the hook bar,the fins I09 preventing these loops from sliding over the shank portions I06.

The operation of the mechanism according to the invention is as follows:

Let us assume that, after a formation of the shed 90 and the insertion of a filling M by means of a shuttle (not shown), the lay 21 has just moved into its forward (vertical) position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2. This movement of the lay causes the plates, II2 to impinge upon the lugs 'II, Il'I, respectively, an action which slightly displaces the carriage I5 toward the front and momentarily releases the dogs 5| from the grip of teeth 50. Owing to the presence of rods 54, I54, however, these dogs will remain in the position shown in Fig. 2, whereupon the lay returns to its position shown in full lines in that figure. This cycle, therefore, constitutes an oridinary weaving operation in which a weft thread is thrown across raised and lowered warp threads which include the ground warp 90a, 90b as well as the pile warp 90c.

During a subsequent cycle of operation the two harnesses 3Ib, 3Ic will be in their raised positions and harness 3| a will be lowered, this stage being illustrated in Fig. l. It will be noted that harness 3Ic rises higher than harness 3Ib, this being due to the fact that the wires 330 are fixed to their respective harness lever 30 at a higher point than are the wires 331) (see Fig. 3). As a result, the pile warp 90c ascends in the shed 90 at a steeper angle than the upper threads of the ground warp which are now constituted by the threads 9011.

A short time before the lay 2'5 again reaches its vertical position, the special harness lever I30 will have swung to the left (as Viewed in Fig. 3), thereby tensioning the wire 65 and causing the shaft 50, together with cams 6|, I5I, to rotate counterclockwise (as viewed in Figs. 2 and 7). The levers 55, I55 and the vertical rods 54, I50 now assume the position shown in Fig. '7 which is somewhat lower than that of Fig. 2. When the plates E2, I'I2 again strike the lugs II. Hi, the dogs 5| will be released and, by their own weight, will drop into the positionshown dotted in Fig. 7 in which they rest on top of the rods 54, I50, respectively. Now, as the lay recodes, the carriage I5 will follow it on its rearward swing because of the action of springs 56, I46, 41 and IE1. The rearmost position of the lay 21, as well as of the lugs II, HI and the hooks I05, is indicated in dotted lines in Fig. '7. It will be noted that the depending portion of the lugs now makes contact with the plates 12, H2 at a lower point only, thus preventing the hooks I05 from approaching too closely toward the reed; this insures that the bill portions of these hooks be kept at a safe distance from the ground warp threads 90b, so that damage to the body of the fabric will be avoided. The inclined bills I08 of hooks I05, as the latter reach the rearmost position, will laterally deflect and slide past the respective pile warp threads 90c, and the latter will dispose themselves in the recesses I04 of the hooks.

When the lay 27 moves forward again, it pushes before it the carriage I5 whose hooks I05, having engaged respective threads 90c, draw the latter into loops as clearly seen in Fig. 7. In the meantime the harness lever I30 has returned to its normal position, wire 66 has been released and 6 the torsion spring 59 has restored the cams 6|, I6I to the position of Fig. 2. When, therefore, the carriage I5 has arrived in its foremost position, springs 51 cause rods 54, I50 to force the dogs 5| into engagement with the teeth '50 of their respective slides, so that the carriage I5 will be retained in that position during the following cycle or cycles of operation during which the loops previously formed will be firmly anchored to the body of the fabric. Vrnen the carriage I5 next moves rearwardly, the fins I09 on the shank portions of the hooks I05 will prevent the sliding of the. engaged loops onto the shanks, and the loops will slide off the bills I08 for disengagement from the hooks.

The operations just described will be more readily understood from the timing diagram of Fig. 11. In this figure the first graph represents the movement of the cam 6| which occurs, say, in every fourth cycle; the second graph shows the reciprocation of lay 21, occurring once per cycle; the third graph illustrates the reciprocation of the carriage I5; and the remaining graphs depict the movement of the harnesses Bla, Ill?) and 3Ic, respectively. It will be noted that a change in the position of the harnesses occurs just before the lay reaches its foremost position;

' this changeover, however, has been disregarded in Fig. 7 in order to avoid confusion.

When the carriage 'I5 first followed the lay 2! on its rearward swing, the rod I00 was displaced in such a sense as to cause the pawl 95 to pass over a number of teeth of ratchet 98, this number being adjustable by varying the position of the bolt IOI in slot I02. On the restoring (forward) movement of the carriage, during which the loops are formed, the rod I09 is withdrawn and rotates the plate 95 in such a sense that the pawl 96 will displace the elements 98, 93, 92 and 83 by an angle determined by the number of ratchet teeth previously skipped, thereby imparting the desired slack to the threads c during the loop forming movement of the carriage I5. The pile warp thread feed during the nonformation of loops is achieved by movement of the take-up roll 2'3 which tensions the pile warp threads 000. The pawl will merely slide over the teeth of the ratchet wheel 98 during such induced movement of the roller 83 and will not resist the feeding of the pile warp threads. The amount of this slack should be regulated in accordance with the length of the loops, the latter in turn being adjustable by changing the position of the lugs II, IN on the slides 43, i 53. It will also be understood that the number of loops in a row may be varied by omitting certain of the threads 900 while the spacing of the rows may be controlled by a dobby chain determining the rate of actuation of harness lever i311.

In the modification of Figs. 9 and 10, the harnesses 3| a, 3|b and tile, are controlled in somewhat different manner from that previously de-' scribed. Harnesses 3Ia and Slb are suspended from straps I33 which pass over rollers I3 1, being alternately raised and lowered by means of cams II3a, 31) which are driven from a cam shaft H4 and co-operate with levers Il5a, I552) to which the lower ends of these harnesses are attached; the levers 5a, II5b are pivoted to the frame 2| at H6. The lay 21 is reciprocated in conventional manner by means of a pivot II'I eccentrically secured to a gear I I8 which is driven from a gear I I9, the ratio of transmission between these two gears being 1:2.

The third harness lever, 3Ic, is connected by itswire- 33c. toan oscillating arm= 12.0 secured to a. rock shaft. I2 I, the latter being vibrated in step The arrangement just described. operates analogously to the one of Figs. 1-8 and. need, therefore, not be further explained.

From the foregoing description. it will be seen that I have provided a novel and effective mechanism for weaving loops into a fabric; it will also be noted that the arrangement is such thatthe hooks move at a relatively small angle to the: threads of the pile Warp, a. fact which has enabled me to carry out the operations described in a simple reciprocatory movement of the hook bar; in the machines previously proposed, on the other hand, angles close to 90 degrees had been employed and the efiicient mode of operation described had been unattainable.

The invention is by no means limited to the specific embodiments described and illustrated but is, on the contrary, capable .of numerous modifications and adaptions without departing from its spirit or exceeding its scope as defined in the objects and in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a loom comprising a source of ground warp threads, first harness means for. shedding, said ground warp threads, a source of pile warpthreads and second harness means for shedding said pile warp threads, the combination with a reciprocating lay through which all ofsaid threads pass, of a reciprocable carriage. having a retracted and an operative position, retaining means normally holding said carriage in said. retractedposition, displacing means continuously tending to move said carriage from'said retracted.

into said operative position, releasing means.

operable at predetermined. intervals for momentarily inactivating said retaining meansth'ereby rendering said displacing means effective for a single movement of said carriage'i'n one direction,.

a set of hooks on said carriage, said second harness means being synchronized with said' releasing means for moving respective ones of said pile warp threads into the path of" said hooks; immediately before said carriage reaches its operative position, thereby enabling said hooks to engage said respective pile-warp threads, andrestoring means effective subsequent toengage ment of said pile warp threads by said hooks for returning said carriage to its retracted position,

whereby said pile warp threads are drawn intoloops.

2. The combination according to claim- 1:, in cluding feed means for said pile warp threadsand a control member connected with: said 8.1 spective. one. of said pile warp threads intermediate. said feed means and said'lay, said feed means. maintaining said pile warp threads under sufiicient tension to prevent said riders from reaching said contact means.

4. In a loom comprising a source of ground warp threads, first harness means for shedding said ground warp threads, a source of pile warp threads and second harness means for shedding a said pile. warp threads, the combination, with a reciprocating lay through which all of said threads pass, of a reciprocable carriage having; a retracted and an operative position, retaining means normally holding said carriage in said retracted position, spring means. continuously tending to move saidv carriage from said retracted into said operative. position, blocking means normally preventing. disengagement. of said carriage from said retaining means, control means operable at predetermined intervalsv for temporarily inactivating said blocking means, a set of hooks on said carriage, and means including said lay for freeing said carriage from said retaining means upon. inactivation of said blocking means,

. thereby enabling said spring means to move said with said lay to present respective onesv of said pile warp threads to said hooks for engagement thereby, said hooks thereupon drawing said pile. warp threads into loops during the return movement of said carriage.

5. The combination according to. claim 4, including'a feed roller for advancing said pile warp threads, a swingable member, link means conmeeting said swingable member with said carriage, and unidirectional coupling means between said swingable member and said feed roller, said coupling means effecting rotation. ofsaid' feed roller during the return movement of said carriage into its retracted position.

6. The combination according to claim 4 wherein said retaining means comprise a projection on said carriage and a dog normally in engagement with said projection andv frictionally held engaged therewith by the. action of said spring means; said dog, being mounted for spontaneous disengagement from said projection on being relieved of the force of said spring means, said lay at the end of its stroke impinging upon said carriage, thereby momentarily rendering said spring means-inefiective to hold said dog, engaged with said projection, said blocking means comprising a stop normally positioned adjacent said dog and preventing the withdrawal thereof from said projection.

7; The combination according to claim 6 wherein said lay' pushes said carriage before it for returning, same. to its retracted position, said stop resiliently urging said dog into reengagement with said projection upon arrival of said carriage in its retracted position.

8. The combination according to claim 7 wherein said lay is swingableabout a pivot, said carriage being provided with an. adjustable lug. having a. contact surface which bears upon said lay during the entire movement of said carriage, said. contact surface extending generally perpendicular to thedirection of reciprocation of said: carriage and. substantially parallel to, saidlay whenthe latter abuts said luginthe retracted" position of said carriage.

thereon comprising a source of warp threads, harness means for shedding said'warp threads, a reciprocating lay throughwhich said warp threads extend, a reciprocable carriage having a retracted and an operative position, retaining means normally holding said carriage in said retracted position, displacing means continuously urging said carriage from said retracted into said operative position, releasing means operable at predetermined intervals for inactivating said retaining means thereby rendering said displacing means effective for a single movement of said carriage in one direction, a set of hooks on said carriage, said harness means being synchronized with said releasing means for moving selected ones of said warp threads into the path of said hooks immediately before said carriage reaches its operative position thereby enabling said hooks to engage said selected ones of said warp threads, and restoring means effective subsequent to engagement of said selected warp threads by said hooks for returning said carriage to its retracted position whereby said selected warp threads are drawn into loops.

10. A machine for making fabrics with loops thereon comprising a source of warp threads, continuously operable mechanism for weaving said warp threads into a fabric, said mechanism including a reciprocating lay and harness means for shedding said warp threads, a carriage reciprocable in the general direction in which said warp threads extend and having a retracted and an operative position, displacingmeans continuously urging said carriage towards the operative position thereof, retaining means normally holding said carriage in said retracted position, releasing means operable at predetermined intervals for inactivating said retaining means thereby rendering, said displacing means effective for a single movement of said carriage to the operative position thereof, a set of hooks on said carriage, said harness means being synchronized with said releasing means for moving selected ones of said warp threads into the path of travel of said hooks immediately before said carriage reaches its operative position thereby enabling said hooks to engage said selected warp threads, and restoring means effective subsequent to the engagement of said selected warp threads by said hooks returning said carriage to said retracted position to thereby draw said selected warp threads into loops.

11. A machine for making fabrics with loops thereon comprising a source of warp threads, continuously operable mechanism for weaving said warp threads into a fabric, said mechanism including a reciprocating lay and harness means for shedding said warp threads, a carriage reciprocable in the general direction in which said warp threads extend and having a retracted and an operative position, displacing means continuously urging said carriage towards the operative position thereof, retaining means normally holding said carriage in said retracted position, releasing means operable at predetermined intervals for inactivating said retaining means thereby rendering said displacing means effective for a single movement of said carriage to the operative position thereof, a set of hooks on said carriage, said harness means being synchronized with said releasing means for moving selected ones of said warp threadsinto the path of travel of said hooks immediately before said carriage reaches its operative position thereby enablingsaid hooks to engage said selected warp threads, restoring means effective subsequent to the en- I 10 gagement of said selected warp threads by said hooks for returning said carriage to said retracted position to thereby draw said selected 12. The method of weaving loops into a fabric which comprises the steps of extending a set of parallel warp threads including pile warp threads, shedding said warp threads, passing a filling through the shedded warp threads, repeating the above steps, beating successive fillings together to form a fabric, advancing the fabric, inclining said pile warp threads relative to the remaining warp threads during certain of said shedding steps, positioning a set of hooks opposite I the respective pile warp threads, continuously biasing said hooks for movement toward said warp threads, normally locking said hooks in a position remote from said warp threads, releasing said hooks for movement toward said warp threads during said certain shedding steps during which said pile Warp threads are in inclined position to thereby engage said hooks with said inclined pile warpthreads, and thereafter retracting and re-locking said hooks in said remote position to thereby draw said pile warp threads into loops.

13. A machine for making fabrics with loops thereon comprising a breast beam; a source of warp threads; harness means for shedding said warp threads; a reciprocating lay having a reed through which said warp threads extend; slide members slidably carried by said breast beam and movable in a direction parallel to said warp threads; a hook supporting bar carried by said slide members and having a retracted and an operative position; spring members constantly urging said slide members in the direction of the-operative position of said hook supporting bar; means normally retaining said hook supporting bar in the retracted position thereof and operative at predetermined intervals to release said bar to thereby render said spring means effective to move said bar to the operative position of the latter; said retaining and releasing means including a series of saw-teeth formed on said slide members, rockable dog members engaging said saw-teeth when in the raised position and resisting movement of said slide members, said dog members and adapted to effect the rocking of the latter,

operatingrods associated with pivoted levers engaging said operating rods and normally urging the latter in the direction for engaging said dog members with said saw-teeth,

' and rotating eccentric cam members engaging said levers and operative at said predetermined intervals to disengage said dog members from said saw teeth; a set of hooks on said hook sup-' porting bar;said harness means being synchro-v nized with said retaining and releasing means and moving selected ones of said warp threads into the path of said hooks immediately before said hook supporting bar reaches its operative position thereby enabling said hooks to engage said selected ones of said warp threads; and lug members on said slide members engaging said lay when said bar is in its operative position whereby said lay moves said bar before it to restore said bar to the retracted position" thereof.

14. A machine for making fabrics with loops'f thereon-comprising a source of warp threads, continuously operable mechanism for weavin said warp threads into a fabric, said mechanism including a reciprocating lay and harness means for shedding said warp threads, fixed guide members defining guide channels extending parallel to the general direction in which said warp threads extend, a carriage including slides slidably received in said guide channels for reciprocation in the direction in which said warp threads extend and having a retracted and operative position, resilient means continuously urgin said carriage towards the operative position thereof, movable latch members nor mally engaging said carriage to hold the latter in said retracted position, latch operating mechanism normally holding said latch members in engagement with said carriage and operable at predetermined intervals to release said latch members, means including said lay for freeing said carriage from said latch members upon operation of said latch operating mechanism to release said latch members, thereby renderin said resilient means effective to move said carriage to its operative position, and for immediately thereafter returning said carriage to said retracted position, and a set of hooks on said carriage, said harness means being synchronized with said latch operatin mechanism and with said lay for moving selected ones of said Warp threads into the path of travel of said hooks immediately before said carriage reaches its operative position thereby enabling said hooks to engage said selected warp threads, said hooks thereupon drawing said selected warp threads into loops during the return movement of said carriage to said retracted position.

15. A machine for making fabrics with loops thereon comprising a source of ground warp threads, a source of lpile warp threads, harness means for shedding said ground warp threads and for shedding said pile warp threads, a reciprocating lay through which said ground Warp and pile warp threads extend, fixed guide means defining guide channels extending parallel to the direction in which said threads extend, a carriage including slides mounted slidably in said guide channels for reciprocation in the direction in which said threads extend and having an operative and a retracted position, spring means continuously tending to move said carriage to its operative position, movable latch members engageable with said carriage for holding the latter in its retracted position, latch operating mechanism normally resiliently holding said latch members in engagement with said carriage and operative at predetermined intervals to release said latch members, means including the lay engageable with the carriage upon release of said latch members by said latch operating mechanism for freeing said carriage from said latch members, thereby rendering said spring means elfective to move said carriage to its operative position, and for immediately thereafter returning said carriage to its retractedposition, a set of hooks on said carriage, rsaid harness means being synchronized with said latch operating mechanism and with said lay for moving said pile warp threads into the paths of travel of said hooks immediately before said carriage reaches its operative position thereby enablin said hooks to engage said pile warp threads, said hooks thereupon drawing said pile warp threads into loops during the return movement of said,carriage to. its retracted position, a feed roller for advancing said pile warp threads.

a swingable member, link means connecting said swingable member directly to said carriage, and unidirectional coupling means between said swingable member and said feed roller for effecting rotation of said roller during the return movement of said carriage to its retracted position.

16. In a loom comprising a source of ground warp threads, a source of pile warp threads, harness means for shedding said ground warp threads and for sheddin said pile warp threads, and a reciprocating lay through which the ground warp and pile warp threads pass; the combination of fixed guide means on the loom extending parallel to the direction in which said ground warp and pile warp threads extend, a carriage slidably carried by said guide means for reciprocation in the direction of the movement of the lay and having an operative and retracted position, resilient means continuously tending to move said carriage to its operative position, toothed projections on said carriage, a movable latch member normally engaging said toothed projections to hold said carriage in its retracted position and being frictionally held in engagement with said projections by said resilient means acting on the carriage, blocking means movable to and from a position obstructing disengagement of said latch member from said projections, spring means continuously urging said blockin means to said position obstructing disengagement of said latch means from said projections, operating mechanism operative at predetermined intervals to move said blocking means away from said spring urged position, means including said lay for impinging against a part of said carriage upon movement of said blocking means away from said spring urged position to render said resilient means momentarily ineffective to hold said latch member in frictional engagement with said projections thereby freeing said carriage from said latch members for movement by said resilient means to its operative position, and for immediately thereafter returning said carriage to said retracted position, a set of hooks on said carriage, said harness means being synchronized with said lay and with said operating mechanism to present respective ones of said pile warp threads to said hooks for engagement thereby when said carriage is in its operative position, said hooks thereupon drawing said pile Warp threads into loops during the return movement of said carriage.

BENJAMIN KAHN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,489,231 Bourque Nov. 22, 1949 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 364 Great Britain of 1 852 1,931 Great Britain of 1861 8,062 Great Britain of 1 887 12,671 Great Britain of 1849 12,938 Great Britain of 1850 I 13,178 Great Britain of 1885 273.4 9 Great Britain July 6, 192': 

